In 1990, the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), a politico-military organization, launched an offensive against the Rwandan government, then headed by President Habyarimana.
Kibeho massacres
In 1991, a new constitution guaranteeing civil liberties and multiparty, was adopted. Then create opposition parties, three of which start with a success, including the Democratic Republican Movement (MDR), the Liberal Party (PL) and the Social Democratic Party (PSD).
In 1993, peace agreements are signed between the RPF, the Rwandan government and other opposition parties. The war continues, but tensions between political parties increasingly worse.
On 6 April 1994 President Habyarimana was killed in the attack against his plane and the war resumed. It is more intense in Kigali where agreements have enabled the RPF to formally install a battalion of 600 men.
Mass-slaughters against the Hutu ethnic members
At the same time the extermination massacres perpetrated on nearly all Rwandan territory. The RPF attacked the Hutu while anti-RPF militia are attacking Tutsi and Hutu accused of collaborating with the RPF. This is the Rwandan Genocide, Genocide that later became Tutsi excluding Hutu victims.
Since taking office in July 94, the RPF continues its massacres against Hutus and and that into the neighboring Congo.
But the hunt for Hutus does not begin in 1994. In fact it was just the genocide strengthening of the RPF invasion in late 1990's. On that date, the Hutu under RPF latter areas were subjected to assassinations, torture and slavery. The survivors are crammed into displaced camps where they are often targeted by attacks of the rebellion. In 1993, the number of displaced in an overcrowded camp Nyacyonga in particular in unspeakable conditions of misery is about 1 million, near the capital Kigali.
The most important of these massacres before 1994 are: In Ruhengeri January 1991, where over 500 people were executed, including women and children, the Butaro bloodsheds in May 1992 with 150 victims, and especially that of February 8, 1993 where nearly 40,000 people were massacred by the RPF in Byumba and Ruhengeri (James K. Gasana, Rwanda: From the party-state to the debacle of the State, 2002).
In April 1994, the RPF conquered large areas in record time. All Hutu found there are massacred and their bodies burned, thrown into rivers or in some cases crammed for handling foreign journalists and the international community.The killing Fields - Part1-Best Resolusion by xiao_wuu
After taking power in July 1994, the RPF massacred the Hutu throughout the territory. The best documented case is the massacre of Hutu displaced in Kibeho, in the former Gikongoro prefecture, in April 1995, where the displaced are surrounded and allowed to leave the camp for several days before being killed by gunshots, guns and bayonets. Everything happens at the UN military operation that observe, take pictures but succor person. At the end of the day more than 8,000 people were massacred on 100,000 qu'abritait camp. According to an eyewitness, the bodies were piled into trucks transported in the surrounding forests, where they were burned or buried in mass graves.
In other parts of the country, the RPF summoned village meetings on security or distribution of foods. Once enough people had gathered, he was massacred with white or shot guns, grenades depending on the number of targets or even burned alive. According to a UN survey, conducted in 1994, known as the " Gersony Report "these killings were systematic, regular, targeted the Hutu population and it indiscriminately, men women, children, the elderly and patients. The report estimated that between 25,000 and 45,000 people were massacred between April and August 1994 alone in the prefectures in which the investigations were conducted.
Areas of the massacres were denied access until the victims are released and burned. This was the case for example for several parts of the former prefecture of Butare, in the south.
In October 1996, the RPF attacked Congo where refugees were more than two million Rwandan Hutus.
From October 1996 to July 1997 these refugees were hunted, tortured, raped, deliberately starved, deprived of any assistance, slaughtered with knives, by bullets, bombs, burned alive or drowning. Between 250,000 (dead identified) and 600000 (missing the call) refugees were massacred.
The UN has conducted a survey and the results, "The Mapping repor t "October 2010 leave no doubt as to the intent to destroy the group. Here are some excerpts: [1]
[Massacred with knives, bombs, graneds, raped before being killed: the case of Walikale]
- In this region, the massacres were organized in an almost identical pattern [than other regions, Ed], so kill as many victims. Whenever they found out a large concentration of refugees, AFDL / APR soldiers fired at them indiscriminately with heavy weapons and small arms and guns. They then promised to survivors to help them return to Rwanda.
- After having gathered them under various pretexts, they killed most them often with a hammer or hoe. Those who tried to escape were shot dead. Several witnesses testified that in 1999 [after the second war in 1996, Ed], the RPA soldiers reportedly went especially on the sites of several massacres in order to dig up the bodies and burn the skeletons .
- From December 9, 1996, the AFDL / APR soldiers shot and killed hundreds of refugees, including many women and children at the bridge Hombo. Over the following days, they burned alive an unknown number of refugees along the road at the village of Kampala, located a few kilometers from Hombo. Before being killed, many women were raped by soldiers. Before killing, the military had asked victims to come together for their repatriation to Rwanda
[Hungry: Along Ubundu-Kisangani]
- In April 1997, while between 60 and 120 refugees died each day of illness or exhaustion, the AFDL / APR, repeatedly denied access to the camp by humanitarian agencies and NGOs and impeded the repatriation of refugees to Rwanda.
[Burned alive, massacred up babies: Towards Mbandaka]
- Towards the end of April 1997, the AFDL / APR burned alive refugees at the village Lolengi, 48 kilometers from Boende. The soldiers covered the bodies of victims of plastic sheeting which they then burned
- On May 13, 1997, elements of the AFDL / APR, on their arrival in the village of Wendji, had said: "Zaire, do not worry, we're here for Refugees." They are then directed to the camp and opened fire on refugees.
- The same day, the soldiers entered the office of the local Red Cross and killed unaccompanied children who were awaiting repatriation to Rwanda.
- The same day, the population of Wendji buried 116 bodies. A baby of three months who was still alive at the time of the funeral was killed by a soldier of the AFDL / APR who supervised the work of burial. On May 14, other 17 bodies were buried.
UN investigators concluded based on the results of their investigation, the qualification of genocide might be used for the crimes committed against Hutu refugees and Congolese people:
- The apparently systematic and widespread attacks described in this report, which targeted very many Rwandan Hutu refugees and members of the Hutu civilian population [Congolese, Ed] and caused their death, reveal a number of damning elements that, if proven before a competent court, could be classified as crimes of genocide.
Considering the time of the massacres that even babies were not spared and even the Congolese Hutu were targeted by the killings there is no doubt as to the identity of the victims or the perpetrators of their mobile : The Hutus were targeted and that, because they were born Hutu.
The Congolese episode does not mark the end of their ordeal. The killing continues in Rwanda. P our example, in December 1997, an estimated 8,000 Hutu victims that have been burned alive in the caves in the north of the country .
Yet ethnicity prohibited commemoration ...
As mentioned above, the fact that the RPF regime has reclassified the Rwandan genocide of the Tutsi Genocide in, excluded Hutu victims. The only official commemoration authorized Rwanda Genocide being the Tutsi, Hutu victims without frame commemoration officially admitted.
Beyond the ban in fact, anyone who dares to speak of these Hutu victims is accused jumble of denial, sectarianism, revisionism or minimizing the Tutsi genocide in Rwanda, like Victoire Ingabire, currently imprisoned in Kigali. In Belgium, it is treated in denial, genocide or genocidal member families (the libre.be April 7, 2013) or worse compared to Nazi. Consider the case of MP Alain Destexhe that on his twitter account April 7, 2013, compared to the "Nazi" the commémorants who intended to honor the memory of all the victims of the Rwandan tragedy. The lack of these is to have dared to go remember the Rwandan Genocide Memorial in Brussels on April 6, rather than 7, the date of the commemoration organized by the Embassy and the Rwandan Tutsi victims association, Ibuka and have wanted to commemorate all victims regardless of their ethnicity.
But as an ethnic group, deprived of Justice
Since 1990, more than 22 years now, no court has done justice to the Hutu survivors of these massacres.
Rwanda has forbidden anyone to claim justice for the Hutu and by threats and acts of violence. While the Gacaca courts were established to do justice to all victims, the Hutu have never had a justice for crimes committed to them by General Kagame, RPF and RPF government. Except where the Spanish Justice, enjoying Spanish victims killed by the RPF associations rights have included Hutu victims.
However, these courts have stopped arrest warrants today have gone unheeded.
The most aberrant cases was the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, whose mission was to try crimes committed in Rwanda from January to December 1994. Despite detailed records of some incriminating RPF officers instructions, the court has always turned a blind eye.
Worse, the court has repeatedly obeyed the orders of the RPF regime or, at least, gave in to his threats. One example is that of Mr Jean-Bosco Barayagwiza. In November 1999 the Appeals Chamber found that his defense rights had been violated to the point that neither arrest nor his indictment were not legal. She then ordered his release and the nullity of the indictment. Therefore the Rwandan regime threatened to stop all cooperation with the Tribunal. The Appeals Chamber had to reconsider .. Thereafter, the court sentenced him to 32 years in prison and died there in 2010. Another example is the attempt by the ICTR prosecutor Carla Del Ponte to investigate RPF crimes. After the announcement of this volontée "Rwandan officials prevented witnesses to go to court, resulting in the suspension of several trials for months " . Thereafter, Carla Del Ponte was sacked from his post and replaced by Hasan Jallow and this is the end of hope the ICTR judge members of the RPF.
In other cases, witnesses recanted their accusations and statements that they had been threatened by the intelligence services of the RPF but also were trained to give false testimony. [2] Although this phenomenon appears to be widespread in all jurisdictions, Rwanda, Belgium and the ICTR, it has always ignored. This was the case, for example, in the case of Karemera (Witness BTH nicknamed for his safety), Bicamumpaka (Witness GFA) and Belgium in the process of religious.
In Belgium, only Hutus were considered. Several officials say that the only reason for this discrimination is that there is no complaint against members of the RPF. However, witnesses saw people covered by the terms of Spanish stops in Belgium come and go unmolested. This is the case, among others, General James Kabarebe now Minister of Defence in Rwanda.
A demonized ethnic
Since the 1994 genocide, Hutu were systematically treated collectively and genocide, and with success.
The aim of these maneuvers seems to be, first, to assimilate the Hutu victims to perpetrators of Tutsi and Hutu perpetrators, that is to say the RPF, the Tutsi victims. Thus the RPF found the real victim as Tutsi victims while they are Hutu victims who find themselves regarded as executioners, alongside the Interahamwe militia.
Several factors contributed to this cynical maneuver. Indeed, the organization of justice allowed the RPF to acknowledge that he wants to be genocide, denial or divisive. This is the case of several political prisoners, opponents and aid such as Mr. Paul Rusesabagina, the hero of the film "Hotel Rwanda", known to have saved more than a thousand Tutsis during the genocide.
Seeing judgments, Rwanda and abroad, who do not respect the principle of impartiality made him king constant fear among Hutu. This bias is reflected for example in the Canadian justice sentenced a person because she had not been killed during the genocide . According to the justice moderate Hutus were killed during the genocide. This makes everything a Hutu survivor unmoderated so extremist and alleged genocide.
In addition to this bias, as mentioned above, the RPF used on a widespread false witnesses he trained to lie before sending them to testify. We find some of the confessions false witnesses who testified at the ICTR, Rwanda and Belgium .
To this must be added the role of media and communication agencies paid to achieve this dual mission of demonizing the Hutu population and bleaching RPF .
All these injustices that many Hutu hide, conceal their horrifying ordeal. As victims of the courts are supposed to protect them, they do not dare to use it anyway and they do not have the means. At least not at the height of their tormentor, the RPF at the head of the Rwandan government, which watches and monitor their actions.
The main and primary concern Hutus still is to survive this killing machine and demonizing.
It is clear that as long as the dual mission will continue, tensions between the Hutu and the Tutsi continue to intensify and it wrongly, because they are all victims of criminal organizations. Strengthen their opposition criminals will only oppress and exploit them more.
The question is, Are there any hope of solution?
Recognition of the plight of Hutu and qualification seem to be a necessary step, without which it is their demonization orchestrated by their executioner who continue to authorize, condone, encourage and cover their extermination continues . including Congo The other condition it is necessary to have leaders committed to building a common future for the entire Rwandan population is majority survivor.
Jean François Singiza
Jambonews.net
Jambonews.net
[1] The term APR means Rwandan Patriotic Army, the armed wing of the RPF and Rwandan army became in 1994 with its military victory. The AFDL cigle means meanwhile the Aliance of Democratic Forces of Liberation, a Congolese rebel group formed by the RPF to cover his attack and led Laurent Kabila to power after the fall of Mobutu.
The Truth can be buried and stomped into the ground where none can see, yet eventually it will, like a seed, break through the surface once again far more potent than ever, and Nothing can stop it. Truth can be suppressed for a "time", yet It cannot be destroyed. ==> Wolverine
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