© As International - Community for SurViVors: December 2008

Saturday, December 27, 2008

No Conspiracy, No Genocide Planning,... True after RPF got prosecuted and Kagame shown he's not the Rwanda genocide mastermind

JURIST Commentary, December 23, 2008:

http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/forumy/2008/12/rwanda-no-conspiracy-no-genocide.php

Rwanda: No Conspiracy, No Genocide Planning ... No Genocide?

JURIST Guest Columnist Peter Erlinder of William Mitchell College of Law and a Lead Defense Counsel at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), says that if - as the ICTR recently ruled in the "Military I" trial - alleged "masterminds" Colonel Theoneste Bagosora and fellow top Rwandan military officers engaged in no conspiracy and no planning to kill ethnic civilians, the tragedy that engulfed Rwanda in 1994 may not properly be called a "genocide" at all...

The media reports of the December 18 judgment of Chamber-1 at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda focused primarily on the convictions of three of four former top military leaders, who were the supposed "masterminds" of the Rwandan genocide.

But, as those who have followed the ICTR closely know, convictions of members of the former Rwandan government and military are scarcely newsworthy.Ever since former ICTR Chief Prosecutor Carla Del Ponte and ICTR Chief Investigative Prosecutor Michael Hourigan went public in 2007-8 exposing US-UK manipulations to grant de facto impunity to current Rwandan President Paul Kagame and his henchmen, between 1997 and the present, convictions of the vanquished in the Rwanda war are a given.

The real news was that ALL of the top Rwandan military officers, including the supposedly infamous Colonel Bagosora, were found not guilty of conspiracy or planning to commit genocide.

And Gen. Gratien Kabiligi, a senior member of the general staff was acquitted of all charges!

[Gratien Kabiligi was born on 18 December 1951 in the Kamembe commune of the Cyangugu prefecture. In his early career, he held the position of Chief of military operations at the General Staff headquarters of the Rwandan armed forces. From being a Lieutenant-Colonel in 1993, he was subsequently promoted to Colonel before being appointed Brigadier General on 16 April 1994.In his role as Staff Commander of Military Operations of the Rwandan Armed Forces, Kabiligi had under his command units from the sectors of Byumba, Ruhengeri, Mutara and Kigali].

There is no indication AT ALL that Aloys Ntabakuze got involved in any killings. Not only He's been one of the best soldiers at war, he's also one of those who signed up to defend his country from any agression. It was his dream to serve his country and he left it in 1994 doing It. His arrest charges were baseless, based on false pretenses and RPF fabrications.

The others were found guilty of specific acts committed by subordinates, in specific places, at specific times - not an overall conspiracy to kill civilians, much less Rwandan-Tutsi civilians.This raises the more profound question: if there was no conspiracy and no planning to kill ethnic civilians, can the tragedy that engulfed Rwanda properly be called "a genocide" at all?

Or, was it closer to a case of civilians being caught up in war-time violence, like the Eastern Front in WWII, rather than the planned behind-the-lines killings in Nazi death camps? The ICTR judgment found the former.The Court specifically found that the actions of Rwandan military leaders, both before any after the April 6, 1994 assassination of former Rwandan President Juvenal Habyarima, were consistent with war-time conditions and the massive chaos brought about by the four-year war of invasion from Uganda by Gen. Paul Kagame's RPF army, which seized power in July 1994.

Although the Chamber did not specifically mention more recent events, it is worth noting that this is the same government that was named in a UN Security Council commissioned report on December 12, 2008 as having invaded the eastern Congo (with Uganda) in 1996 and again in 1998 and have occupied an area 15-times the size of Rwanda since that time. Similar UN Security Council reports in 2001, 2002 and 2003, make clear that Rwanda and Uganda's economic rape of the eastern Congo, and the resulting 6 million-plus civilian deaths, have long been an "open secret.

As Lead Defense Counsel for Major Aloys Ntabakuze, who was convicted of three specific crimes committed by troops without evidence they were acting under his authority, I would say the judgment was actually a victory. Our defense was based on previously suppressed contemporaneous UN and declassified US documents that showed Kagame's RPF as the war-time aggressor, which was responsible for the assassination of the former President and for preventing military intervention to end the predicted civilian massacres.

The ICTR oral judgment specifically refers to this "alternative" explanation of the tragic events in Rwanda, as being a basis for rejecting the conspiracy and planning charges against the former military leaders. But the documents show more.

As early as May 17, 1994, UNHCR was receiving reports of massive civilian killings by Kagame's RPF in the 1/3 of Rwanda they had occupied since April 22. Other documents from August, September and October 1994 describe a conscious attempt by UN and US government officials to "cover-up" reports of RPF killings, including memos to Secretary of State Warren Christopher.

Apparently, US policy to create "impunity" for Kagame began nearly as soon as he took power.Had the US "impunity policy" not been in place, Kagame might well have been prosecuted along with Military-1 defendants Bagosora and Nsengiumva, as ICTR Prosecutor Michael Hourigan recommended in early 1997.

Kagame's responsibility for the assassination of Habyarimana has been known to the ICTR Prosecutor since at least that time, if not early.Had the US "impunity policy" not been in place, Kagame might well have spent the last decade awaiting trial at the ICTR, rather than getting rich from the resources of the Congo, and the blood of millions of Africans.

Peter Erlinder is a professor at William Mitchell College of Law, St. Paul, MN. He is a past-President of the National Lawyers Guild, a Lead Defense Counsel-UN International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, and the President of the ICTR-ADAD (Association des Avocats de la Defense).

E-mail mailto:peter.erlinder@%20wmitchell.%20edu

The Truth can be buried and stomped into the ground where none can see, yet eventually it will, like a seed, break through the surface once again far more potent than ever, and Nothing can stop it. Truth can be suppressed for a "time", yet It cannot be destroyed. ==> Wolverine

Friday, December 26, 2008

Extra Killings, torture, kidnappings and disappearances again on increase in Rwanda

Ponerogenic processes take place in Rwanda since 1990. People continue to be assassinated. Relatives are in a state of being unuble to report these RPF crimes.

Once again, no word about these recent summary killings, arrests and illegal detentions. Disappearances are becoming very common. Specific measures aimed at preventing more killings should be taken by the world community.

To give You a true comprehension of the nature of the RPFcriminal organization as a system, you shoud read about the suvivors' tragedy, listnen to the painful stories of the Real survivors. All kind of crimes including Nazi have been tested and committed by RPF on Rwandans.

We saw no mention about the Rwandans suffering in displaced and concentration camps, massive theft of resources, rapes, arbitrary arrests and millions of deaths in Rwanda and outside of it.

"Unless one is simply incapable of making moral choices, Kagame, the evil consists of making evil choices." We heard Kagame saying: "Ikibyimba kimeneke" meaning be the abscess crushed... His backers tried to readjust his hate speech in a postive way while Hutu victims prepare for the worse after some European countries Cut off the Aid to the RPF-Evil. To show the entire world he can do what he wants, Kagame declared he has no longer boundaries to murder the remaining Hutus to finish the job: to mass-slaughter Hutus beginning with Intellectuals. You remember the Kibeho mass-murder of Hutu intellectuals, professors, lecturers and teachers that has become more systematic since RPF took power in Rwanda.

Hutu intellectuals, professors, lecturers and teachers are being assassinated on what seems to be almost a regular basis since Paul Kagame's arrest warrants took a new step with more witnesses and proofs.

RPF crimes :

Vous pouvez consulter les docements divers qui documentent ceratins des crimes du FPR pendant la p�riode 1990 - 2005. Les �crits suivants donnent des recherches individuelles, scientifiques , des reportages, etcc

Nowadays, RPF constitutes a huge abscess growing caused by an extraordinary impunity of RPF criminals. Until now, the world refuses to investigate the origin, nature, and course of the RPF regime throughout Rwanda and Congo as well.

Political Ponerology should be very helpful to Experts that may advise how to end the Tutsi-led RPF oppressive regime led by the mastermind and genocide merchant : General Paul Kagame.

The current Rwandan abscess has to be crushed to help Rwandans to get up and re-build up their country. The Time has come today to listen to Rwandan Survivors,time to take their chance and remove the Evil.

If this dreadful abscess doesn't get crushed and removed, Hutu ethnic members and some of the Tutsis who are aware of this issue and oppose the RPF ideology will soon disappear from the world map.

Meanwhile, family members of the abducted victims are sending invoiced alert asking for stopping RPF criminals actually busy with "crushing the abscess" after the UN report on RPF crimes in Congo and the decision for stopping aid to Rwanda by Scandinavian and Dutch millions of Euro's that was used by RPF to enlarge their crimes against Hutus living the Eastern region of the Democratic republic of the Congo.

Rwanda survivors are deeply concerned to learn about the unvoiced crimes and victims and the ongoing genocide against Hutu ethnic members.

We have collected information from reliable sources; we have gotten all the information and they have been checked. We have ranked information sources. The situation is very very serious and should be taken seriously in view of the latest development. We will be releasing names of the abducted victims and disappeared.

THE YEAR 2009 will be - if nothing is done to protect them - a dangerous time for the Hutu ethnic members inside or outside Rwanda as RPF terror, RPF impunity in human rights violations and general lawlessness grip the nation. Up to now the world community blindly goes behind and support RPF stories, lies and genocidal ideology to eliminate and exterminate those who are able to stop the increasing genocide. On the contrary, the world community, except certain democratic European countries, has done little to stop the political killings and disappearances except take token steps to assuage local and international outcry.

On the other hand, the year also signals victories in the people’s relentless struggle against political repression, political and ethnic structure and state terrorism as the survivors’ clamor for justice and democracy starts to be echoed here in Europe...

Torture, kidnappings and disappearances must be taken very seriously. They are a prelude for RPF murders

They are suffering horrendous deaths. These tortures, killings, disappearances and kidnappings are yet other human rights abuses committed by President Paul Kagame and his RPF and again demonstrate the importance of international action/reaction to investigate and document such abuses, through an International Commission of Inquiry.”

Rwanda is one of the only countries in the world that has no punishment, embargo, lack of the respect of elementary Human and civil rights.

Rwanda survivors encourage the worldwide community to use its influence and authority to promote and preserve human rights, peace and security in Rwanda for all of its inhabitants without exclusion, discrimination.

For those who have no idea about RPF crimes, the Rwanda genocide began with the 1990 invasion of northern Rwanda by the then Tutsi RPF forces that brutally targeted everyone in their path.

After four years of living in displaced camps without security or food, Hutus living in those areas were terrified then displaced. They got killed, survivors became homeless, hungry and angry and—justifiably—they took up arms to defend themselves.

“The international arrest warrants issued by Spain and France against some 40 former RPF/A and current Rwanda Defense Force (RDF) are patently dismissed by Western media of all stripes, buried behind waves of pro-RPF propaganda and intimidation that labels anyone who does not support the Kigali military dictatorship as genocide deniers, themselves guilty, by extension, of genocide”. Keith Snow, 5 December, 2008.

For one reason or the other, victims all share the similar fate: They happened to be born Hutus. Personal narratives are but the painful testament to the growing callousness of the powers-that-be and a bitter indictment against the iniquity and injustice that had been and are still being committed in Rwanda, all in the name of the planed, sponsored and then merchant led genocide
We must make both the world community, the shocking Nazi adviser Tony Blair and the RPF perpetrators answerable for whatever wrongdoing that has been committed.

Everyone must be made aware that RPF tyranny cannot go unpunished though the perpetrator, be he a simple armed local defense force, DMI agents, Local RPF authorities, RPF leadership and Tutsi-led Rwandan Patriotic Army, Paul Kagame.

What is important is that justice be meted out – Truth be ferreted, RPF perpetrators be prosecuted and Hutu families be indemnified.

The process begins by assuaging our fears and saying to ourselves:

“Never again…RPF tyranny.”

All humans are born equal and created in God’s image.

N.B.: L'information ci-après doit être pris dans le contexte du moment pour vous informer. Les preuves et les aveux qui y sont présentés sont une nécessité pour nous afin de comprendre la manipulation de l'histoire par les blancs menteurs et les *Nazis* rwandais.

Les Nations Unies ont pour la première fois pris part pour la 2ème fois pris part au génocide rwandais. Mais les NationsUnies, c' est trop vague comme nom. Les instigateurs, les supporteurs du FPR sont bien connus et bien documentés.

* Le Terme "Nazi" est utilisé pour expliquer les différents crimes commis par le FPR au Rwanda surtout au Rwanda et dans la République Democratique du Congo. Tous les crimes qui ont été commis par les Nazis allemands ont été soit répétés par le FPR/APR/RDF/LDF/DMI et autres services de renseignement de Paul Kagame y compris les escadrons de la mort placés sous son propre commandement.

Thursday, December 25, 2008

Le procès du colonel Bagosora et consort : les clichés ont la vie dure

Par Emmanuel NERETSE

Le colonel Théoneste Bagosora avait été mis à la retraite dans l’armée rwandaise en 1992. Il fut cependant repris au cabinet du ministère de la Défense en tant que cadre politique du parti MRND qui venait d’hériter de ce ministère dans le cadre du gouvernement multipartite dirigé par Dismas Nsengiyaremye

issu de l’opposition radicale de l’époque à savoir le parti MDR (Mouvement Démocratique Républicain).

Après la défaite des FAR (Forces Armées Rwandaises) en juillet 1994, le colonel Bagosora ira en exil d’abord au Zaïre puis au Cameroun. C’est dans ce dernier pays qu’il fut arrêté en 1996 et aussitôt transféré à Arusha en Tanzanie où venait d’être installé le siège du Tribunal Pénal International pour le Rwanda (TPIR) qui venait d’être créé par l’ONU.

Dès ce moment, le colonel Bagosora fut présenté à l’opinion comme « cerveau du génocide », comme l’homme qui avait publiquement déclaré, lors des négociations d’Arusha, vouloir rentrer au Rwanda pour préparer l’apocalypse. Il fut également présenté comme un membre éminent de « l’Akazu » sinon comme carrément un parent du président Habyarimana et à ce titre membre des « escadrons de la mort » et autres « réseau zéro » mais surtout d’une organisation terroriste dénommée « Amasasu ».

Désillusions

Cependant, force est de constater que tout au long de son procès qui a duré près de six ans (2002-2008), aucun de ces clichés véhiculés par la presse ne fut formellement établi devant la Cour.

En ce qui concerne les propos prêtés au colonel Bagosora comme quoi il aurait claqué la porte lors des négociations d’Arusha en déclarant qu’il rentrait pour préparer l’apocalypse, aucun témoin parmi la centaine qu’a présentés le procureur et dont certains avaient participé aux négociations d’Arusha, n’a reconnu avoir entendu ces paroles de la bouche du colonel Bagosora. De même, les experts du procureur, dont certains ont été à la base de l’invention et de la diffusion du qualificatif de « cerveau du génocide » collé à Bagosora, une fois à la barre, ces experts ont eu beaucoup de mal et ont finalement échoué à prouver en quoi Bagosora devrait être considéré comme « cerveau du génocide ».

Les mythes de « l’Akazu » des « escadrons de la mort » et du « réseau zéro » se sont dégonflés devant la Cour grâce aux témoignages directs ou aux travaux de recherche très fouillés présentés parfois par ceux-là même qui avaient été à la base de la vulgarisation de ces mythes. Dans certains cas, l’Accusation n’a même pas cherché à présenter devant la Cour la source de ses allégations. Ainsi, le terme d « escadrons de la mort » fut lancé par le célèbre escroc Afrika Janvier qui se présentait comme journaliste et affirmait en faire partie. C’est lui qui a dressé la liste des supposés membres des « escadrons de la mort ».

Il s’agissait en fait des personnalités les plus influentes du pays mais étiquetées « proches de Habyarimana ». Curieusement, le procureur du TPIR n’a fait aucun effort pour que Africa Janvier, qui vit encore, comparaisse. Au contraire, tout a été fait pour qu’il ne soit pas approché, surtout par les équipes de défense.
De même, Christophe Mfizi, l’inventeur du fameux « réseau zéro », malgré un rapport d’une centaine de pages commandité par le procureur et surtout grassement rémunéré, n’est pas parvenu à définir les contours de son « réseau zéro ».

Quant à la trop célèbre vocable d’ « Akazu », un de ceux qui s’en revendique, en l’occurrence Michel Bagaragaza qui collabore depuis des années avec le bureau du procureur, il peine à convaincre la Cour que l’ « Akazu » avait bel et bien une structure formelle et clairement identifiable. Les organigrammes et les schémas qu’il a produits à cet effet, au lieu de rendre son propos plus clair, le rendent plutôt confus.
Enfin, l’organisation terroriste « Amasasu » révélé par l’ancien ministre de la Défense James Gasana et qui est aussi collé au « CV » de Bagasora, ne semble pas avoir eu plus de défenseurs devant le TPIR que les autres mythes.

Le ministre Gasana, qui avait révélé son existence, n’a pas trouvé nécessaire d’aller éclairer la Cour sur cette organisation criminelle qui fut pourtant, selon lui, à la base de sa démission en juin 1993. Conséquence : l’histoire ne retiendra rien de cette organisation criminelle pourtant dénoncée à l’époque par le ministre ayant la sécurité dans ses attributions et dont les actes criminels qui lui sont imputés tombent sous le mandat du TPIR.
Acharnement par amertume et désenchantement ou désinformation ?
Le 18 décembre 2008 soit 12 ans après son arrestation, le verdict du procès Bagosora est tombé. Bagosora et deux de ses co-accusés ont été condamnés à la réclusion à perpétuité. Le quatrième été acquitté. On notera que tous les quatre furent acquittés du chef d’« entente en vue de commettre le génocide ». Dans le prononcé, il n’est dit nulle part que Bagosora est reconnu par la Cour pour avoir promis d’aller préparer l’apocalypse. Ni Bagosora, ni aucun de ses co-accusés ne fut condamné pour avoir créé et/ou été membre des « escadrons de la mort » ou des « Amasasu ». De même, la Cour n’a condamné personne pour être membre de « l’Akazu », même ceux dont les liens de parenté avec le président Habyarimana sont établis.

Pourtant au lendemain de ce verdict, ceux-là même qui avaient imaginé et lancé ces mythes sont tout de suite montés aux créneaux pour semer la confusion dans l’opinion car apparemment ils se voyaient perdre la face. Les journalistes belges Colette Braeckman du quotidien « Le Soir » et Marie-France Cros de « La Libre Belgique » se partagent la palme d’or dans cette course à la manipulation de l’opinion. Dès le 19 décembre, Marie France Cros titrait dans la « Libre Belgique » : « L’homme de l’apocalypse » et renchérissait : « Perpétuité pour le cerveau ». Quant à Colette Braeckman dans « Le Soir» du 19 decembre 2008, elle a tout simplement opéré un « couper-coller » de ses articles de 1994.

En effet, elle présente un « CV » de Bagosora tellement suggestif qu’elle fait entendre que ce dernier fut pendant longtemps chef de cabinet du Président. Quand on sait que la même Braeckman connaît très bien l’officier qui fut chef de cabinet de Habyarimana pendant 20 ans et que celui-ci, recherché puis arrêté par le TPIR, ne fut libéré que grâce à l’intervention des « amis du Rwanda » dont Colette Braeckman, on croit rêver.
Prenant ses lecteurs pour des idiots, la brave Braeckman revient à la charge dans la même édition en affirmant que Bagosora a publiquement promis d’aller préparer l’apocalypse, qu’il a créé et soutenu les « escadrons de la mort » et autres « Amasasu ». Tout le contraire des conclusions auxquelles venaient d’arriver le TPIR.

Face aux caméras de France 24 et confrontée à la pugnacité du journaliste camerounais Charles Onana, Colette Braeckman se montre telle qu’elle est : une journaliste engagée, incapable de se ressaisir et peut-être sous influence. Dommage car elle est toujours présentée comme « spécialiste de la région des Grands Lacs en Afrique ».

En conclusion

Le malheur du peuple rwandais est, nous semble-t-il, d’avoir eu comme « faiseurs d’opinion » ce genre de personnages ayant une obsession maladive ou une admiration sans borne contre ou envers l’une ou l’autre partie du peuple rwandais et que ces apprentis- sorciers soient encore les seuls écoutés.

©Emmanuel Neretse

Bruxelles, le 25 décembre 2008

Il y a du flou dans cette affaire. Kouchner en porte la Responsabilité

Interpellée le 9 novembre 2008 à Francfort (Allemagne) puis extradée en France en vertu d’un mandat d’arrêt européen émis par le dernier pays cité, Rose Kabuye a actuellement le sourire : après plus de six semaines de détention, elle va momentanément quitter l’Hexagone pour rentrer au Rwanda où elle va faire les fêtes de fin d’année avec sa famille.C’est une décision qui a été prise par la Justice française sur une demande acceptée par les juges, après avis favorable du parquet.

Pour un de ses avocats, c’est une décision qui prend en considération la situation humaine dans laquelle se trouve sa cliente et qui montre que la justice peut fonctionner efficacement tout en étant modérée.Sous le coup d’un mandat d’arrêt international, délivré en 2006 par la France,

Rose Kabuye, 47 ans, avait été mise en examen par le juge antiterroriste Marc Trévidic pour complicité d’assassinats et association de malfaiteurs, le tout en relation avec une entreprise terroriste.

Le juge la soupçonne d’avoir pris part à l’attentat, le 6 avril 1994, contre l’avion du président rwandais Juvénal Habyarimana, signal déclencheur d’un génocide, qui a faitplus de 3 millions er demi de morts parmi les Hutus et les Tutsis; des charges qu’elle réfute naturellement, en criant au complot.

Depuis hier mardi 23 décembre, Rose Kabuye n’attendait plus que son passeport pour faire ses valises. On imagine que dans son pays, c’est la joie parce qu’on ne pensait peut-être pas la revoir de sitôt, et c’est certain qu’il y aura du monde à l’aéroport international de Kigali pour l’accueillir. Son patron, le président Paul Kagamé, fera-t-il le déplacement à la tête d’une délégation ?

Si son calendrier ne le permet pas, peut-être qu’il attendra à la présidence sa responsable du protocole. Ce qui est sûr, elle verra l’homme fort du Rwanda, qui l’avait envoyée le mois dernier en Allemagne pour préparer une visite privée.Celle qui a eu à dire au lendemain de son arrestation qu’elle n’a pas peur car elle est innocente reverra donc sa famille et ses proches. Elle fêtera, comme les autres, pour essayer d’oublier un moment cette maudite date du 9 novembre 2008.

Mais Kabuye n’est pas pour autant sortie de l’auberge : après le nouvel an, elle doit retourner en France, puisque l’affaire n’a pas été classée. Elle s’est engagée à revenir à Paris avant le 10 janvier 2009, et le ministère de la Justice rwandaise avait également exprimé dans une lettre la volonté du gouvernement de respecter l’engagement pris auprès du juge français.

En Afrique, la parole donnée est sacrée, mais la question qu’on se pose est de savoir si elle reviendra pour se constituer prisonnière. C’est d’un vrai privilège que Kabuye a bénéficié parce qu’il y a d’autres terroristes ou présumés tels qui gémissent dans les fers en France depuis longtemps.N’ont-ils pas droit, eux aussi, aux fêtes de fin d’année dans leurs pays respectifs ? Ce dossier ayant envenimé les relations entre Paris et Kigali, veut-on aller vers un dégel des relations diplomatiques ?

Il y a du flou dans cette affaire à tel point qu’on ne peut s’empêcher de penser à une comédie française. Et si Kabuye changeait d’avis ? Après qu’elle a recouvré la liberté provisoire, Rose décidera de ce qu’elle doit faire. L’air de Kigali lui manquait, et maintenant tout est une question de responsabilité .Par Justin Daboné
© Copyright L'Observateur

The Truth can be buried and stomped into the ground where none can see, yet eventually it will, like a seed, break through the surface once again far more potent than ever, and Nothing can stop it. Truth can be suppressed for a "time", yet It cannot be destroyed. ==> Wolverine

Monday, December 22, 2008

Rwanda implied in LD KABILA assassination

Does Paul Kagame regret for having destroyed the Humankind?

NO. The answer is NO. => Ref. to his hate speech at Murambi.
http://www.elpais.com/articulo/internacional/ex/agente/Ruanda/implica/Gobierno/asesinato/Kabila/elpepiint/20081221elpepiint_7/Tes L.D. Kabila est le 4ème président africain assassiné avec la conspiration de/ ou directement par Paul Kagame.

De gauche à droite: Président Ndadaye, Président Habyarimana, Président Ntaryamira, Président Kabila plus 8 millions et demi de Rwandais et de congolais massacrés par le FPR et son armée.

An ex- agent of Rwanda implies his Government in the murder of Kabila. A protected witness details in the National Hearing the plan of killing the Congolese leader in 2001.
MANUEL HILL - Madrid - 21/12/2008
The attack that ended the life of Laurent-Desiré Kabila, former President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (RDC) shot by one of his bodyguards on 16 of January of 2001, was organized and all means supported by the Government of Rwanda. Thus Fernando declared a month ago that an ex- top Agent (high officier) for the secret services of that country was before the judge of the National Hearing Andreu, who has prosecuted the genocide mastermind, the Rwandese president, Paul Kagame, including other 39 high-ranking RPF officers of his Army who organized the systematic extermination of the Hutu ethnic group members, accused to have given orders to exterminate Hutus between 1994 and 2000. This prosecution has followed the killings of Tutsis (and Hutus moderate) who underwent of hands of radicals Hutus in the spring of 1994, which has caused 800,000 deaths. Rwandese spies gave money to commit the crime. The ex- agent of Kagame has given declaration under the condition of witness protected by the risk for his life that can imply its testimony. This story, according to judicial sources, detailed important acts of Rwandese interference in the Congo during the last 14 years. The last episode of this mix-up is the rebellion Tutsi carried out now by the National Congress for the Defense of the People (CNDP) and commanded by the general Tutsi Laurent N' Kunda. In that revolt, according to a discussed report Monday in the Security Council of the UN, Rwanda plays a fundamental role when participating in the recruitment of troops and its military equipment, and with the shipment from officials to the Congolese region of North Kivu, where the rebellion has mass murdered 250,000 people. Kagame, the Rwandese president denies it systematically. The witness, who spent last month in the office of judge Andreu, offered a very detailed story of how, almost eight years ago, secret agents to the service of the Government of Rwanda, led by the Tutsi Kagame, leader of Rwandese Patriotic Front(RPF) personally gave the money to people of the circle of acquaintances of president Laurent Kabila so that they organized the assassination. The same agent of the secret service of Kagame helped them to get the flight from the implied ones to European countries to avoid retaliation after the murder. The same Government who supposedly financed the death of Kabila – with the son of the late Kabila, the son whose name is Joseph that helped him to seize power five years before, in the 1996 war that ended the dictatorship of Mobutu Sese Seko. Rwanda financially supported then to the movement of the late president, the Alliance for the Democratic Liberation of Congo-Zaire (ALDC). The later confrontation between the old allies took place, according to the witness, when Kabila, once in the power, sack away the Tutsi military officers that had helped him and initiated commercial contacts with Russia, China and Venezuela for the sale of raw materials like gold or coltan. During the campaign that brought Kabila to the Power, always according to the protected witness, Rwanda designed a strategy of systematic elimination of the population hutu that fled from that country to settle in fields of refugees of the Congolese regions of Kivu Norte and South Kivu after the Rwandese Patriotic Army (tutsi) of Kagame would take control of the Government of Kigali. The main objective of the plan, declared the former- agent, was " to kill the greater possible number of Hutus" or " their forcibly repatriation to Rwanda to be incarcerated" . In the indiscriminate combat operations in the camps of refugees they happen to use " heavy armament". Those that managed to escape the slaughters were persecuted in their flight towards the west of the Congo through the cities of Kisangani and Ubundu until Mbandaka in the occidental border of the country, where hundreds of them were massacred in 1997. In the middle of that super genocide, the strategy was to kill the missionaries, Spanish Marists Julio Rodriguez, Fernando of the Source, Miguel Angel Island and Greater Servando, who worked in the refugee camp of Nyamirangue, where 30,000 were overcrowded and were believed to be Hutus. Two Rwandese spies of the secret service indicated that they witnessed massacres carried out RPF troops where a commando of five people, presumably, was assassinated " so that they couldn’t denounce the slaughters by the Rwandese troops, according to the testimony of the former- Rwandese agent. One of the members of that commando, according to his story, was general Eric Murokore, at the moment was under orders of the Tutsi rebellion leader Laurent NKunda.
The Truth can be buried and stomped into the ground where none can see, yet eventually it will, like a seed, break through the surface once again far more potent than ever, and Nothing can stop it। Truth can be suppressed for a "time", yet It cannot be destroyed। ==> Wolverine

Thursday, December 18, 2008

Sweden Stops Rwanda Aid

Sweden stops aid to Rwanda after UN report

Sweden is suspending all aid for the government of Rwanda.
Sweden’s Aid Minister Gunilla Carlsson says that the aid for 2008 will be withheld.
This comes after a United Nations analysis that says Rwanda is supporting a rebel group operating in neighbouring Democratic Republic of Congo.

The report says that the Congo rebel group, led by former Rwanda soldier Laurent Nkunda, receives material and military support from Rwanda’s government, something that the government has always denied.
And rebel leader Nkunda says that his group is just trying to protect Congo’s ethnic Tutsis from the same Hutu militia that carried out the genocide in Rwanda in 1994

18-12-2008 - 05:26

The Swedish government said Wednesday it has withdrawn 80 million kronor ($10 million) in annual aid to the Rwandan government after a United Nations report concluded that the country is helping armed Tutsi rebels in Congo.

Sweden's aid minister Gunilla Carlsson said her country takes the U.N. report "very seriously" and expects "constructive actions" from both Congo and Rwanda.
The report prepared by five outside experts concluded Rwanda is helping ethnic Tutsi rebels fight the Congolese government and Congo is collaborating with ethnic Hutu rebels and other forces against Rwanda.

Sweden's decision follows a similar move by the Netherlands last week. The Dutch overseas aid minister, Bert Koenders then said he was suspending aid to Rwanda's government of around €3 million ($4.1 million) a year because of the report.

Kagame must stop butchering his own people and people from neighboring countries

Rwanda's president Paul Kagame said the U.N. report was "baseless."
Speaking to reporters in the country's capital, Kigali he said Rwanda and its people will have to learn to become self-reliant because donors easily change their minds on how and when to give aid.

"Plan B is there in form of people of Rwanda ... now they should be ready to survive under any circumstances," said Kagame. "We need to work really hard."

Kagame criticized donor countries, saying they upheld reports like the U.N.'s on the recent violence in eastern Congo when it was convenient for them.

"They withdraw their aid under the pretext of their taxpayers who would not keep on financing us with such allegations like that report," he said.

Among other things, the U.N. report also said it found evidence that the armed groups being aided by Rwanda and Congo are using child soldiers, violating laws meant to protect women and children, and that the rebels on both sides make millions of dollars a year from illegal trade in minerals.

The Swedish government said it will continue sending humanitarian aid of about 60 million kronor ($7.5 million) a year to international aid organizations in Rwanda.
___
Associated Press Writers Mike Corder in The Hague and Felly Kimenyi in Kigali, Rwanda contributed to this report.

The Truth can be buried and stomped into the ground where none can see, yet eventually it will, like a seed, break through the surface once again far more potent than ever, and nothing can stop it. Truth can be suppressed for a "time", yet it cannot be destroyed. ==> Wolverine

Rwandan Military Leaders Found Not-Guilty of Conspiracy and Genocide Planning

ARUSHA, Tanzania - December 18 - Today's ICTR judgments in the Military-I trial completely rejected the Prosecution theory of long-term planning and conspiracy to commit genocide by members of the former Rwandan military leadership. All four defendants were found "not guilty" of all counts charging conspiracy to commit genocide, based on the Chambers ruling that their actions prior to April 6, 1994 were based on war-time conditions, not planning to kill civilians or to carry out a genocide against Tutsi Rwandans.

Gen. Gratien Kabiligi was found not guilty of all remaining charges because of the Prosecution's failure to prove his command authority over Rwandan troops, and was ordered released immediately.

The three other defendants were convicted of responsibility for particular acts that the Chambers found were committed by members of the Rwandan military. Col. Theoneste Bagsosora and Col. Anatole Nsengiumva were found guilty of war crimes, acts of genocide and crimes against humanity committed by Rwandan troops under their command. Major Aloys Ntabakuze, whose command was limited to the Para-Commando Battalion was held responsible for three incidents out of more than 40 that the Chamber found were not proved. Many of the crimes of which all three were convicted do not appear in the indictments under which they were prosecuted. All three were sentenced to life in prison and have announced plans to appeal.

The ICTR Military-I Oral Judgment specifically referred to evidence presented to the Chamber that civilian killings in Rwanda were triggered by the assassination of the Rwandan President, which was part of the final military assault to seize power by the RPF army of Paul Kagame in 1994. The Judgements follow by less than a week the UN Security Council's public exposure of the massive continuing crimes of Kagame and the RPF in the Congo and the Great Lakes Region since 1996 and the Open Letter from the President of Human Rights Watch calling for the ICTR to fulfill its mandate by holding Kagame's RPF accountable for crimes committed in 1994 in Rwanda, as well.

After the evidence closed in the Military-1 trial closed in June 2007, INTERPOL warrants have been issued for the RPF leadership and Paul Kagame has been named in two European indictments for the assassination of Rwandan President Habyarimana and Burundi President Ntaryamira of Burundi on the night of April 6, 1994. The indictments confirm evidence in the Military-1 record that Kagame and the RPF are responsible for the war crime, and military assault, that touched off the tragic 100 days of war. The indictments also charge Kagame's RPF with genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity involving more than 300,000 civilian deaths.

Also after the evidence closed in the Military-1 trial, former ICTR Chief Prosecutor Carla Del Ponte and former ICTR Chief Investigator Prosecutor Michael Hourigan have publicly described the on-going "cover-up" of Kagame's responsibility for the assassination and the planned RPF assault to take power. Now Ms. Del Ponte's press aide is being prosecuted for contempt of court at the ICTY FOR her courage in making public the US/UK role in removing Del Ponte from her ICTR post because she insisted on fulfilling her mandate to hold both sides responsible for their crimes in 1994.

To date, the failure of the ICTR Prosecutor to put the full record of crimes committed by the RPF has done a great disservice to the Judicial Chambers of the ICTR and to International Justice. But, most tragically, the juridical impunity created by the ICTR "cover-up" of RPF crimes has been the root cause of the millions of deaths in Rwanda, the Congo and the Great Lakes since the RPF invaded Rwanda with the help of Uganda in 1990.

In light of these disclosures of former ICTR Prosecutors and the December 12, 2008 Security Council Report fixing RPF responsibility for more than 12 years of economic plunder and massive killings in the Congo, which are also confirmed in Security Council Reports in 2001, 2002 and 2003, the ADAD Bureau will present an OPEN LETTER to the ICTR President, the UN Security Council, the UN General Assembly detailing the recent revelations that have called the integrity of the Tribunal into question and the systematic withholding of relevant evidence from the Chambers and requesting that all matters at the ICTR be suspended, pending an independent investigation of the Office of the Prosecutor's failure to abide by Security Council Resolution 955, and manipulation of the ICTR by UN member-states, that is now in the public record.

Monday, December 15, 2008

ICTR: Address Crimes Committed by the RPF

Rwanda Tribunal Should Pursue Justice for RPF Crimes

Failure to Act Risks Undermining Court’s Legacy
December 12, 2008

on biased empty justice

The tribunal has not prosecuted even one of the serious Rwandan Patriotic Front crimes from 1994. This glaring omission means delivering one-sided justice and risks tarnishing the important work that the court has done to date.
Richard Dicker, director of Human Rights Watch's International Justice Program
The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda's (ICTR) prosecutor's failure to date to bring cases against Rwandan Patriotic Front officers responsible for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed during the 1994 genocide risks undermining the court's legacy, Human Rights Watch said today. On December 12, 2008, ICTR Prosecutor Hassan Jallow will brief the Security Council, which is finalizing plans to close the court.

The ICTR is mandated to prosecute persons responsible for genocide and other serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in Rwanda in 1994. However, unlike the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, which has prosecuted crimes committed by all parties to the conflict, the ICTR has thus far prosecuted only persons charged with committing genocide in Rwanda in 1994.

Against the backdrop of the genocide, the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), which has since become the country's governing party, killed thousands of civilians, in the process committing war crimes and crimes against humanity.

"The tribunal has not prosecuted even one of the serious Rwandan Patriotic Front crimes from 1994," said Richard Dicker, director of Human Rights Watch's International Justice Program. "This glaring omission means delivering one-sided justice and risks tarnishing the important work that the court has done to date."

RPF crimes have been well-documented, including by a United Nations Commission of Experts, which concluded that the group had "perpetrated serious breaches of international humanitarian law" and "crimes against humanity."

The Field Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, as well as Human Rights Watch and other nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) documented the RPF's violations of international humanitarian law. Recently, cases have been opened against its leaders in Spain and France.

The prosecutor for the ICTR referred one RPF case to Rwandan national courts involving the killings of 15 civilians, including high officials of the Catholic Church, in June 1994. In October, the Military Court of Kigali acquitted two senior officers for the crimes while two more junior officers who had pleaded guilty to the crimes were given reduced sentences of eight years on grounds that the crimes were not premeditated. The Rwandan prosecutor has appealed the decision to a higher Rwandan court.

After the officers' arrest, the ICTR prosecutor indicated that he would reassert jurisdiction over the case if the trial did not meet international standards, but he is refraining from comment while the decision is on appeal.

In the meantime, the ICTR's trial chambers have in three cases refused to transfer trials for genocide to the courts in Rwanda, citing fair trial concerns, including the ability to secure and protect witnesses.

"The concerns about fair trials expressed by the tribunal are even more pronounced for Rwandan Patriotic Front cases," said Dicker.

The ICTR is currently scheduled to finalize trials by the end of 2009. Unless the Security Council grants an extension, it will be difficult to bring RPF cases before the court.
"The doors seem to be closing with the mandate of the court unfulfilled," said Dicker. "The victims of the RPF crimes also deserve justice. Failure to bring these cases before the court will call into question the impartiality and independence of the ICTR."
Human Rights Watch raised its concerns in a letter to the ICTR prosecutor today.

A Letter to the ICTR Prosecutor

December 11, 2008

Related Materials:

Rwanda Tribunal Should Pursue Justice for RPF Crimes

Justice Hassan B. JallowOffice of the ProsecutorInternational Criminal Tribunal for RwandaKigali, Rwanda

Dear Mr. Prosecutor,

With plans for the closing of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) nearing completion, we write publicly to urge you to address crimes committed by the Rwandan Patriotic Front. To date the Tribunal has achieved considerable success in holding to account some of those most responsible for the genocide and in ensuring that victims of the genocide see some justice and can be justifiably proud of its legacy. However, failing to address the fact that in 1994, the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) killed thousands of civilians, in the process committing war crimes and crimes against humanity, will have a negative impact on that legacy. As a longtime supporter of the Tribunal, we believe that it is imperative to raise this issue with you again now.

As you know, the crimes alleged to have been committed by the RPF have been well documented by a UN Commission of Experts which concluded that the RPF had “perpetrated serious breaches of international humanitarian law and crimes against humanity.”

These crimes were not of the same nature or scale as the genocide, but they are serious crimes that fall under the ICTR’s jurisdiction. We are sure that you and members of the Security Council will agree that the victims of these crimes also deserve justice. The fact that these crimes are well-known throughout Rwanda and the world would make a failure to address them particularly glaring.

Allowing these crimes to be prosecuted in Rwanda is not an acceptable alternative. The ICTR’s trial chambers have now ruled three times in decisions confirmed on appeal that obstacles exist to having fair trials for genocide cases in Rwanda. In their decisions, the judges expressed concerns about the ability to secure witnesses and to guarantee their safety. These concerns are even more profound in cases against the RPF than for cases of genocide.

In the nearly fifteen years since the crimes were committed, the Rwandan government prosecuted no soldiers for violations of international humanitarian law until the recent case referred by you to Rwandan national courts. This one trial for violations of international humanitarian law resulted in two acquittals and two persons sentenced to eight years of prison for having killed fifteen civilians, including one child who was himself a Tutsi survivor of genocide. The conduct of that trial, like the penalties imposed, fail to demonstrate the necessary capacity and political will for Rwanda to deliver complete justice for victims of RPF crimes, who number in the thousands.

There were practical reasons why bringing cases against the RPF earlier was not possible, including the readiness of the government of Rwanda to impede prosecutions for the genocide as a way to ensure ICTR inaction on RPF cases. But as the tribunal plans for its closure, we believe that it is essential for you to notify the Security Council that the ICTR will need time for RPF trials. A failure to do so would taint the perception of the Tribunal’s impartiality in carrying out its mandate and thereby undermine its legitimacy in the eyes of future generations.

Thank you for your attention to this important matter.

Sincerely yours,Kenneth Roth

Cc: Patricia O’Brien, Under-Secretary-General, The Legal Counsel, Office of Legal Affairs

Richard Dowden: Britain should cease its one-sided support of Rwanda

If Kagame doesn't rein in Nkunda, we should tell him we won't fund him.

Monday, 15 December 2008

When United Nations experts revealed in a recent report the links between the Rwandan government and the forces of Laurent Nkunda, the Tutsi warlord of Eastern Congo, the Dutch government cut its direct budget support for Rwanda in protest. Should Britain do the same?

Paul Kagame, Rwanda's clever and combative president has been a favourite of Britain's Africa ministers going back to Clare Short and Lynda Chalker before her. Rwanda's government receives tens of millions in direct budget support from Britain. Tony Blair is its adviser. It is not hard to see why. The previous Rwandan government organised the 1994 genocide, so when Kagame overthrew it and set up a new government in Kigali he was seen as the good guy by the US and Britain. Their guilt over the decision to pull out the UN force in Rwanda as the genocide began reinforced their moral support for Kagame.

When his fighters pursued the remnants of the old Rwandan army into Congo, Britain and the US did not ask too many questions. Nor did they question when Kagame's army and their Ugandan allies, turned that pursuit into a full-scale attack on their vast neighbour, Congo, that ended in the overthrow of Mobutu Sese Seko, the corrupt old Congolese dictator.

Kagame, a visionary leader and a formidable man of action, is warmly welcomed in London and Washington. For them, at last, here was an African leader who spoke their language of progress and could deliver. Rwanda's education and health systems are good. Kagame says he wants to create a new Rwanda where Hutu and Tutsi allegiances would be forgotten. Britain is prepared to pay for that.

Kagame does not, however, believe in too much democracy. Parliamentary elections last September were described by the EU observer team as lacking in transparency. There was "an absence of real political opposition". Kagame does not tolerate one.

But it is his behaviour in eastern Congo that causes most disquiet. Kagame argues that Rwanda will never be safe as long as the genocidaires – those who killed in 1994 – are on the loose in Congo. In 1998, when the government he installed in Congo began to support them and the rump of the old Rwandan army camped there, Kagame and the Ugandans invaded again. Britain and America kept quiet.

This time their intervention triggered a terrible war in which some say five million people have now died. They had all miscalculated the political reaction from other African rulers and the Congolese, who objected to what they saw as a Western-backed rogue state rampaging around the continent. The Rwandans and Ugandans were stopped but they set up local Congolese allies in the border zones. Most of these were Congolese Tutsis. And the genocidaires were able to recruit and rearm as well – sometimes with support from the Congolese army.

The war that had threatened to tear Congo apart has become limited to a vicious battle for the Kivus; eastern Congo and Uganda and Rwanda's borderlands. The Tutsi population was now under threat, seen as a fifth column for the Rwandans. Its self styled protector in North Kivu is the flamboyant but murderous Laurent Nkunda, a Congolese Tutsi and once a member of Kagame's army.

In November he carried out a massacre of some 150 people at Kiwanja. Kagame denies he is a Rwanda proxy but the UN report shows he uses Rwandan banks and has had direct support from the army. It also shows how Nkunda's forces operate out of Rwandan territory and recruit soldiers from its army.

The argument that this is about protecting Congo's Tutsi minority is undermined by Nkunda's grab for the region's wealth. Local people have been forced to mine gold, diamonds, casserite and other minerals that abound in Kivu and export them through Kigali, the Rwandan capital. What had begun as an apparently defensive military operation to protect Rwanda and Uganda from genocidal gangs in Congo seemed to be turning into a violent imperialism aimed more at looting the area than bringing peace.

On paper the solution is simple. The rump of fighters who carried out the genocide now operating in eastern Congo, and Nkunda's forces must both disarm or be disarmed. The two states – and Uganda – must make this happen and make peace. There is no major issue between the states of Congo, Rwanda and Uganda, but nor is there trust between them. Outsiders must help build that trust and Britain, a medium-sized player in the region, must not been seen as backing one side or the other. It is time to tell Kagame that if he does not rein in Nkunda, Britain will not fund his government.

The writer is Director of the Royal African Society

Comments

To solve the problem of Rwanda,Congo conflict,there should be a real politic ability.Efforts should be done by all the parts!I think that when the interest of the population will not be prior,war will continue. The consequence is negative to the Africa's image!

The British policy is to subside the wars in Africa. Then, to reward the winner. This what the British did with Museveni, then Kagame, now it is Nkunda. If Nkunda wins his war against the RDC government, then Nkunda will be assured to get funding from the British tax payers for national budget support for several years to come. Just imagine how the British's budget support has contributed to destabilise the whole African Great lakes Region.

Western politician always make mistake about their choice of which president to back because of their obsessive behaviour of getting their interest. Now most african president had learnt the game they give what western want and so they can be free to kill anybody who try to challenge their power then change what democracy is about and their western partner will play the blind eyes about their politic. since genocide had given kagame power, kagame has drawn a theory of sacrifying his own people so he can gain sympathie from the international comunities then he can get what he wants. this system is inflicting hanger on people so people will loose control then will attack tutsi then kagame will get opportunity to have a cause he did that with Hutus and want to do that with congolese by raping women ,girls and killing all youngs boys to make congolese loose control like hutus did but unfortunately for him and nkunda congolese are not going to make that mistake

We are all - ALL - guilty, as Dr Heinz Kiosk would say. While it is undeniably tragic that the Tutsis are chopping up the Hutsis and the Hutus are chopping up the Tutus, the finger of blame must be pointed unequivocally at the neo-colonialist oppressors and their running dogs. A peace-keeping force made up of well-armed NuLabour baronesses and spin doctors must be sent to both North and South Kivu at the earliest possible moment. A hand-picked battalion of knife-wielding yardies from the nastier estates of Greater London would be a welcome addition to this fearsome expeditionary force. Perhaps a few dozen Gap Year kiddies from the Home Counties and a platoon or two of grief counsellors and diversity co-ordinators could accompany the gallant band. Is Marty Arty-Sari available to lead from the front? Which lucky, lucky EU taxpayers will have the privilege of footing the bill?

The Independent, Thank you for your independence. This is an excellent input into the British overseas politics and manoeuvres. Britain is run like a dictatorship regime. You cannot find in Britain an independent NGO or campaigning group which can question about British policy in Africa. This is because UK NGOs depend heavily on government funding. They have to keep quite to avoid any lost of funding. However, in France you will find pressure groups such as Survie which are openly opposed to the French policy in Africa. The French debate their policy in Africa. The French NGOs have even managed to influence Sarkozy to fine-tune the French policy in Africa. But the British are reinforcing their old hegemonic politics in Africa. They are fighting to be where the French have left.

It seems like the whole world is blind about the bloody war in eastern congo; it is also so surprising that people still don't know who is behind Kagame's powers. Of course Britain & the US are the planners of the whole war not only the one in eastern congo, but the one also that caused genocide in 1994 in Rwanda. The whole story about congolese tutsis is a fake coz Nkunda himself is a Rwandan never a congolese & to let you know the truth Tutsis are orginally only from Rwanda & Burundi, & wherever else you'll find them they are there as settlers & no one likes them as they are all trouble makers. Its about time that US & Britain stop supporting their killing puppets so that innocent african people may enjoy their lives as everyone else in europe & north america do.

Well said dowden. And dont forget that britain illegally installed idi amin. And should therefore pay very sizeable reparations. Alex weir. Gaborone

Richard Dowden: Britain should cease its one-sided support of Rwanda I agree. I just read that the blunder in The Iraq war has cost not just USA but UK also a packet. What would you say to those blunders? Read the New York Times? People are buying in heaps as the mess splashed says the tarpapers’ have coughed up a lot of cash on the Iraq wars and Iraq wants UA to build Iraq the way it was? Discounts lure shoppers, but sales stay slow Clothing, particularly children’s wear, electronics are a bright spot While Ben Bernanke was teaching economics at Princeton University in late 1999, he admonished officials in Japan for doing too little to get their country out of its economic funk. Where are we going wrong? I thank you Firozali A. Mulla

I would like say one thing: Shame on Tony Blair, Shame on Tony Blair! Thank you mister Dowdwen for your analysis.

I am a hutu from the North of Rwanda. Kagame and RPF Killed all my family. I have never had the opportunity to mourn the dead members of my family. The French did not kill any Rwandans, Tutsi or hutu. We killed each other. Let’s not blame other people.

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