A Candle For Remembering
May this memorial candle lights up the historical past of our beloved Country: Rwanda, We love U so much. If Tears could build a stairway. And memories were a lane. I would walk right up to heaven. To bring you home again. No farewell words were spoken. No time to say goodbye. You were gone before I knew it And. Only Paul Kagame knows why. My heart still aches with sadness. And secret tears still flow. What It meant to lose you. No one will ever know.
Why did Kagame this to me?
Can't forget. He murdered my mother. What should be my reaction? FYI: the number of orphans in Rwanda has skyrocketed since the 1990's Kagame's invasion. Much higher numbers of orphans had and have no other option but joining FDLR fighters who are identified as children that have Lost their Parents in Kagame's Wars inside and outside of Rwanda.If someone killed your child/spouse/parent(s) would you seek justice or revenge? Deep insight: What would you do to the person who snuffed the life of someone I love beyond reason? Forgiving would bring me no solace. If you take what really matters to me, I will show you what really matters. NITUTIRWANAHO TUZASHIRA. IGIHE KIRAGEZE.If democracy is to sell one's motherland(Africa), for some zionits support, then I prefer the person who is ready to give all his live for his motherland. Viva President Putin!!!
RPF committed the unspeakable
The perverted RPF committed the UNSPEAKABLE.Two orphans, both against the Nazi world. Point is the fact that their parents' murder Kagame & his RPF held no shock in the Western world. Up to now, the Rwandan Hitler Kagame and his death squads still enjoy impunity inside and outside of Rwanda. What goes through someone's mind as they know RPF murdered their parents? A delayed punishment is actually an encouragement to crime, In Praise of the ongoing Bloodshed in Rwanda. “I always think I am a pro-peace person but if someone harmed someone near and dear to me, I don't think I could be so peaceful. I would like to believe that to seek justice could save millions of people living the African Great Lakes Region - I would devote myself to bringing the 'perp' along to a non-happy ending but would that be enough? You'd have to be in the situation I suppose before you could actually know how you would feel or what you would do”. Jean-Christophe Nizeyimana, Libre Penseur
Hutu Children & their Mums
Look at them ! How they are scared to death. Many Rwandan Hutu and Tutsi, Foreign human rights advocates, jounalists and and lawyers are now on Death Row Waiting to be murdered by Kagame and his RPF death squads. Be the last to know.
Almighty God :Justice for US
Hutu children's daily bread: Intimidation, Slavery, Sex abuses led by RPF criminals and Kagame, DMI: Every single day, there are more assassinations, imprisonment, brainwashing & disappearances. Do they have any chance to end this awful life?
Killing Hutus on daily basis
RPF targeted killings, very often in public areas. Killing Hutus on daily basis by Kagame's murderers and the RPF infamous death squads known as the "UNKNOWN WRONGDOERS"
RPF Trade Mark: Akandoya
Rape, torture and assassination and unslaving of hutu women. Genderside: Rape has always been used by kagame's RPF as a Weapon of War, the killings of Hutu women with the help of Local Defense Forces, DMI and the RPF military
The Torture in Rwanda flourishes
How torture flourishes across Rwanda despite extensive global monitoring
Fighting For Our Freedom?
We need Freedom, Liberation of our fatherland, Human rights respect, Mutual respect between the Hutu majority and the Tutsi minority
Wednesday, October 9, 2013
Pick of the year 2014: The bad year in which the dictator is overthrown
This is the time when they are with us
October 9, 2013
Rwanda: Kagame just doesn't get it.
President Paul Kagame repeated denials of covert support for the M23.
KIGALI - Rwandan President Paul Kagame on Friday angrily condemned a US decision to impose sanctions against his country for allegedly backing rebels in the Democratic Republic of Congo who recruit child soldiers.
Kagame said the decision would only play into the hands of other rebels made up of remnants of Hutu extremists who carried out the 1994 Rwandan genocide.
Really. That is desperation talk. Stopping his proxies recruiting child soldiers benefits the FDLR how ? I guess under Kagame logic it means that there is a greater pool of children available to berecruited kidnapped by the FDLR or some other equally batshit crazy idea.
"It benefits those enemies of our country who seek to destroy what we are trying to build," Kagame said in a speech to parliament.
Calm down President Kagame the US isn't planning to support the FDLR nor is the UN they remain on the list for eradication by the MONUSCO Intervention ( African ) Brigade.
The United Nations accuses Rwanda of backing the M23 rebels in neighbouring eastern DR Congo, a charge the country has adamantly denied.
On Thursday, Washington said it was invoking the 2008 Child Soldiers Protection Act to end US financial and military assistance to Rwanda.
The Rwandan problem here is two fold the first being that Kagame and company have lied for so long about their support for the vicious murderous bastards that are M23 that they have started to believe that the world has swallowed the fiction that is now their reality. The second problem Rwanda faces is it has been comprehensively outmaneuvered by Uganda an erstwhile supporter of M23. Uganda has managed to downplay its less than spotless record in intervention in the eastern DR Congo and left Rwanda to advance their common foreign policy agenda. More importantly Uganda correctly read the utter stupidity of the Kagame administration, Kagame is mystified his denials are being ignored that his country has become branded as a rogue state whilst Uganda has supplanted Rwanda as the US principal ally in the Great Lakes Region.
But Kagame said the sanctions "benefit the people that throw grenades here in Kigali and killed our children", referring to recent attacks in the capital carried out in the run-up to parliamentary elections last month.
"They don't care about our children," he said, lashing out at "those murderers who live in the DRC (and) in South Africa" -- a reference to exiled Hutu extremists linked to the 1994 genocide as well as other opponents.
Well it is a fairly safe bet that the FDLR clowns don't give a toss about Rwandan children it might surprise the killers of Kigali to know that the rest of the world cares deeply about Rwandan kids, as indeed the world cares deeply about the kids living in the eastern DR Congo, that is why the World authorised the Intervention ( Africa ) Brigade to kill not only the M23 clowns he sponsors in the Congo who have been happily murdering and raping children in betweenrecruiting kidnapping them
to get killed for Kagame's wet dream of political control of the
eastern DR Congo but also to deal with the FDLR and the numerous other
armed groups.
The M23 rebel group was founded by former Tutsi rebels who were incorporated into the Congolese army under a 2009 peace deal but who turned their guns on their former comrades in 2012.
Kagame's government, also dominated by Tutsis, is accused of backing the rebels as part of a proxy war against Hutu rebels in the DRC and to seek influence in the country's mineral-rich eastern Kivu region.
Kagame repeated denials of covert support for the M23, and described the sanctions as an "insult".
He is correct in so far it is an insult and a very calculated one. The amount of money involved is relatively insignificant. Jason Stearns at Congo Siasa blogs.
This decision is symbolic, as it will probably only affect around $500,000 in training programs for the Rwandan army, but is nonetheless important. It can probably be interpreted as the first official indication in months––the UN Group of Experts report in July suggested that Rwandan support had declined––that members of the international community feel that Rwandan support to the M23 continues.
"I don't understand why Rwanda is treated... with such injustice," he said. "Rwanda is going to be judged and held accountable for the mistakes made by others."
Rwanda is just starting to realise the extent of their miscalculation but as per usual they continue to lie.
KIGALI - Rwandan President Paul Kagame on Friday angrily condemned a US decision to impose sanctions against his country for allegedly backing rebels in the Democratic Republic of Congo who recruit child soldiers.
Kagame said the decision would only play into the hands of other rebels made up of remnants of Hutu extremists who carried out the 1994 Rwandan genocide.
Really. That is desperation talk. Stopping his proxies recruiting child soldiers benefits the FDLR how ? I guess under Kagame logic it means that there is a greater pool of children available to be
"It benefits those enemies of our country who seek to destroy what we are trying to build," Kagame said in a speech to parliament.
Calm down President Kagame the US isn't planning to support the FDLR nor is the UN they remain on the list for eradication by the MONUSCO Intervention ( African ) Brigade.
The United Nations accuses Rwanda of backing the M23 rebels in neighbouring eastern DR Congo, a charge the country has adamantly denied.
On Thursday, Washington said it was invoking the 2008 Child Soldiers Protection Act to end US financial and military assistance to Rwanda.
The Rwandan problem here is two fold the first being that Kagame and company have lied for so long about their support for the vicious murderous bastards that are M23 that they have started to believe that the world has swallowed the fiction that is now their reality. The second problem Rwanda faces is it has been comprehensively outmaneuvered by Uganda an erstwhile supporter of M23. Uganda has managed to downplay its less than spotless record in intervention in the eastern DR Congo and left Rwanda to advance their common foreign policy agenda. More importantly Uganda correctly read the utter stupidity of the Kagame administration, Kagame is mystified his denials are being ignored that his country has become branded as a rogue state whilst Uganda has supplanted Rwanda as the US principal ally in the Great Lakes Region.
But Kagame said the sanctions "benefit the people that throw grenades here in Kigali and killed our children", referring to recent attacks in the capital carried out in the run-up to parliamentary elections last month.
"They don't care about our children," he said, lashing out at "those murderers who live in the DRC (and) in South Africa" -- a reference to exiled Hutu extremists linked to the 1994 genocide as well as other opponents.
Well it is a fairly safe bet that the FDLR clowns don't give a toss about Rwandan children it might surprise the killers of Kigali to know that the rest of the world cares deeply about Rwandan kids, as indeed the world cares deeply about the kids living in the eastern DR Congo, that is why the World authorised the Intervention ( Africa ) Brigade to kill not only the M23 clowns he sponsors in the Congo who have been happily murdering and raping children in between
The M23 rebel group was founded by former Tutsi rebels who were incorporated into the Congolese army under a 2009 peace deal but who turned their guns on their former comrades in 2012.
Kagame's government, also dominated by Tutsis, is accused of backing the rebels as part of a proxy war against Hutu rebels in the DRC and to seek influence in the country's mineral-rich eastern Kivu region.
Kagame repeated denials of covert support for the M23, and described the sanctions as an "insult".
He is correct in so far it is an insult and a very calculated one. The amount of money involved is relatively insignificant. Jason Stearns at Congo Siasa blogs.
This decision is symbolic, as it will probably only affect around $500,000 in training programs for the Rwandan army, but is nonetheless important. It can probably be interpreted as the first official indication in months––the UN Group of Experts report in July suggested that Rwandan support had declined––that members of the international community feel that Rwandan support to the M23 continues.
"I don't understand why Rwanda is treated... with such injustice," he said. "Rwanda is going to be judged and held accountable for the mistakes made by others."
Rwanda is just starting to realise the extent of their miscalculation but as per usual they continue to lie.
Monday, October 7, 2013
KINSHASA |
 | |
| Kadogo, hundred of thousands rwandan children were involved in Kagame wars and most of them have the famous name of Kadogo |
Some M23 child soldiers received training from the Rwandan Defence Force for up to two weeks before being handed over to the rebel group, with some of the children believing mistakenly that they were joining the Rwandan army, the chief of child protection at the U.N. peacekeeping mission in the country said.
U.N. experts have repeatedly accused Rwanda of backing the 18-month-long M23 insurgency in eastern Congo, a charge the Rwandan government has fiercely rejected. The roots of the Tutsi-dominated rebellion lie in the 1994 genocide in Rwanda, where Hutu troops killed 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus.
Since the rebellion began, the U.N. peacekeeping mission in Congo - known as MONUSCO - has interviewed 117 boys who were recruited by M23 and found 37 of them were Rwandan.
There are still a couple of hundred children among the M23 ranks, MONUSCO's chief of child protection Dee Brillenburg Wurth told reporters in Kinshasa during a visit by U.N. Security Council ambassadors to the Democratic Republic of Congo.
She said four of the boys said they received military training by the Rwandan Defence Force in Rwanda at camps in Bigogwe, Ruhengeri-Nyarubanda and at the former university campus in Mundende before they were handed over to M23.
"(They were given) very, very sophisticated training, very serious training, some of them by Rwandans. They said some of the trainers had Rwandan uniforms on," said Brillenburg Wurth.
"Some of (the children) thought they were being recruited in the Rwandan Defence Force and they were trained in Rwanda and then they found themselves ... in Congo," she said, adding that cash rewards, education and job opportunities were also used to recruit groups of children in Rwanda.
Brillenburg Wurth said the ages of the child soldiers ranged from 11 to 17 and most were aged 15, 16 or 17. She said some children told how they had been recruited by a football coach and a police officer, who were earning $5 per child.
The United States, which has called on Rwanda to drop its support for the M23 rebels, stepped up its pressure on Kigali last week by moving to block military aid over the recruitment of M23 child soldiers in its territory.
DISOBEY AND DIE
The former M23 child soldiers said they were regularly posted on the frontline and saw many other children killed.
"Within the group there is an extremely tough hierarchy and discipline. People who didn't obey orders were just killed. One child told how he had to kill two adults who had done some infraction," Brillenburg Wurth said.
Among several M23 officers accused by the former child solders of recruiting, torturing and killing children are Innocent Zimurinda and Baudouin Ngaruye, who are both subject to a U.N. travel ban and asset freeze.
The United Nations has said Zimurinda and Ngaruye fled to Rwanda in March with fellow officers Jean-Marie Runiga and Eric Badege, also under U.N. sanctions, after M23 suffered a violent internal split. They escaped with warlord Bosco Ntaganda who was defeated by rival M23 commander Sultani Makenga.
In July the Congolese government issued international arrest warrants and extradition requests to the Rwandan government for the four men on charges of commission of war crimes and crimes against humanity, the United Nations said.
The U.N. Security Council delegation, which includes U.S. Ambassador Samantha Power and British Ambassador Mark Lyall Grant, is due to travel to Rwanda on Sunday, where they plan to discuss how former M23 combatants who fled to Rwanda can be dealt with in accordance with relevant international law.
The United States last week partially blocked military aid to Congo over the issue of child soldiers.
Brillenburg Wurth expressed surprise at Washington's decision regarding the Democratic Republic of Congo, which last year signed an action plan with the United Nations to stop and prevent recruitment of child soldiers.
"There have been huge results... They don't recruit children any more. There's been zero tolerance," she said.
(Editing by Tom Pfeiffer)
The Truth can be buried and stomped into the ground where none can see, yet eventually it will, like a seed, break through the surface once again far more potent than ever, and Nothing can stop it. Truth can be suppressed for a "time", yet It cannot be destroyed. ==> Wolverine
Sunday, September 29, 2013
Nord-Kivu: les FARDC tuent 2 rebelles du M23 à Kahunga
Demonstrators rallied in Toronto Saturday against a private visit to Canada by Rwandan President Paul Kagame, urging his arrest.
Shouting "No more killing!" and "Kagame is an assassin!" through megaphones, protesters brandished placards with photos of bloodied victims outside a luxury hotel where Kagame and his delegation were believed to be staying ahead of a meeting to mark Rwanda Day.
Paul Kagame déchaîne les mêmes passions qu'à sa première visite au
Canada, en avril 2006. À Montréal, où il participait à une conférence
sur l'éducation et le développement économique en Afrique, des centaines
de personnes l'avaient pris à partie.Le collectif, qui considère que M. Kagame a commis des crimes de guerre lors du génocide rwandais, demande au Canada de le déclarer persona non grata.
Si aucune accusation n'a formellement été déposée à ce jour contre Paul Kagame, plusieurs le soupçonnent d'avoir commandité l'attentat contre l'avion de l'ancien président rwandais, Juvenal Habyarimana, alors qu'il était le commandant des principales forces rebelles du pays. La mort du président Habyarimana a déclenché le génocide.
« Il soutient le mouvement rebelle, qui a eu lieu depuis 1994. Et de cela, huit millions de personnes sont mortes et plus de deux millions de femmes ont été violées », indique l'un de ses opposants.
Pour ses partisans, Paul Kagame, au pouvoir depuis 1994, est plutôt le héros qui a ressoudé le Rwanda à la suite du génocide.Le collectif souligne que le Canada a adopté, en 2000, la Loi sur les crimes contre l'humanité et les crimes de guerre, qui permet d'exercer des poursuites contre toute personne retrouvée au Canada après avoir commis les infractions visées par la loi, sans égard à sa nationalité ni au lieu où les crimes ont été commis.
The protesters also carried signs and shouted chants accusing Kagame of the murders of millions of Congolese. One common chant was, “Kagame, genocidaire.” Genocidaire is a term for a perpetrator of genocide. In 2009, the United Nations released a report that alleged that Rwanda may have committed genocide on the Hutu people during its 1996–97 pursuit of Hutu perpetrators of the 1994 genocide who had fl ed to the neighboring Democratic Republic of the Congo, then called Zaire. The report said that the large numer of innocent Hutu civilians who were killed or harmed suggested that they were not merely collateral damage, and that the intent of the Rwandan military may have been to destroy the Hutu people “in whole or in part,” in accordance with the definition of genocide in international law. However, the report also raised doubts about this inent, noting that the Rwandan military also spared Hutu lives and helped many Hutu back into Rwanda. The Rwandan government issued an official rebuttal of the report, denying any claims of genocide and saying that the report used “fl awed methodology and application of the lowest imaginable evidentiary standard.” There have also been allegations that Rwanda is exploiting Congolese mineral resources. According to Cech, the amount of minerals which have recently been officially exported from Rwanda does not physically exist within the country. “Part of [the success of Rwanda] is that it’s built on the backs of the Congolese, who have really paid the price in human life,” Cech said.
President Kagame in Toronto
Emmanuel Hakizimana, Ph.D. and Gallican Gasana
September 27 -28, 2013: President Kagame in Toronto or the promise of a distastefully hot weekend
 |
(MONTREAL / TORONTO) -
While the Syrian civil war remains on the front pages of the major
world newspapers, the war in the African Great Lakes region continues
unabated with its death toll since twenty years, and Western media
outlets keep scrambling for hot stories, unmoved by the African
bloodletting.
Taking advantage of that media passiveness, the
perpetrators of the foolish massive human slaughter, which has already
taken more than eight million lives, are touring Western capitals and
cities with utmost delight, while their handy-men go on rampage,
slaughtering entire families.
That is what the President of Rwanda, Paul Kagame, is
looking forward to. According to an announcement by the Embassy of
Rwanda in Canada, the President of Rwanda is to visit Toronto on
September 27 -28, 2013.
The outrageous nature of that announcement has prompted
concerned citizens of African Great lakes region, from Rwanda, Burundi,
Congo and Tanzania to send letters to the Government of Canada, to
express their protest against the visit.
They petitioned for President Kagame not to be allowed
entry on Canadian territory, in consideration of charges which have been
leveled against him, his fiery speeches and other serious violations of
human rights violations by his regime.
They also drew the attention of Canadian authorities on
insecurity risks that visit could trigger, as President Kagame is known
to travel with handy-men whose task is to hunt down members of the
opposition.
In addition to their protest letters, concerned citizen
are also getting ready to face the possible arrival of President
Kagame, and they have vowed to converge to Toronto from all over Canada
and America, in order to stage a mammoth protest against the man who is
regarded as the world greatest criminal still in power.
In fact, President Kagame’s criminal record is incomparably extensive. Following are just a few cases.
United Nations Experts reports have brought out in the
open, the fact that Rwanda has been supporting M23 Congolese rebels who
have been ransacking Eastern Congo (DRC), by supplying men, weapons and
ammunitions.
These rebels have committed crimes against humanity,
systematic gang rapes and forceful recruitment of children, to be used
as soldiers. Evidence of the involvement of President Paul Kagame’s army
in those crimes has led several donor countries, including UK, the USA,
and Germany, the Netherland and others, limit their financial
assistance to Rwanda.
The Rwandan Army, with General Kagame as commander in
chief, stands accused by the UN Mapping Report,of the most serious human
rights violations committed between 1993 and 2003 on the territory of
the Democratic Republic of Congo.
The involved crimes relate to serious violation of
human rights and international humanitarian law against the people of
Congo and Rwandan Hutu refugees all along the mentioned period, and the
report states that these crimes would amount to genocide if evidence
thereof were to be presented before a competent jurisdiction.
President Paul Kagame’s regime is also regularly
denounced by major human rights and freedom of expression organizations
such as Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International and Reporters Without
Borders, for victimization, imprisonment and murder of members of
political opposition and independent journalists.
"He killed a lot of people not only in Rwanda but in the Congo. He's responsible for the deaths of millions of people."
Kagame's government has come under fire for supporting a new militia in the Democratic Republic of Congo, the M23, which has raped, killed and displaced thousands of civilians in the eastern Kivu provinces. AFP
The former vice chairman of the Democratic Green Party
of Rwanda, André Kagwa Rwisereka, was beheaded a few months in the
runoff of the presidential elections in August 2010.
There is also the murder of former journalist Jean
Leonard Rugambage and the imprisonment of Ms Ingabire Victoire, Mr.
Deogratias Mushayidi and Attorney Bernard Ntaganda, who are respectively
Chairpersons of political parties FDU Inkingi, PDP Imanzi and PS
Imberakuri.
To complete his criminal records, President Paul Kagame
also sends hit squads abroad, tasked with killing opposition leaders
and independent journalists who have fled the country. Journalist
Charles Ingabire was gunned down in Uganda, but an attempt on the life
of General Kayumba Nyamwasa has failed in South Africa, as were the
attempts by the same hit squads to kill Jonathan Musonera and René
Mugenzi in Great Britain.
President Kagame has gone public, announcing his intention to extend his criminal activities to neighboring Tanzania.
In a fiery speech before hundreds of youths on June 30,
2013, he declared that he would “lie in wait for President Kikwete to
hit him at the right moment”. This threat was directed at the Tanzanian
President, following his advice, during the 21st summit meeting of the
African Union on May 26 in Addis Ababa, to get the incumbent governments
of countries involved in the Eastern Congolese crisis, to sit down and
negotiate with their rebel forces. According to President Kikwete, if
Kinshasa government can negotiate with M23 rebels, Kigali and Kampala
should also engage rebels opposed to their regimes.
For all these motives, thousands of concerned citizens
who have immigrated to North America from Congo, Rwanda, Burundi and
Tanzania, are mobilizing for a mammoth protest against President Kagame
in Toronto in case Canada would grant him an entry visa.
That being the case, it remains difficult to understand why Canada
would, as a principle, deport immigrants suspected of genocide, war
crimes or crimes against humanity or even persons who are accused of
having made hate speeches, and then turn around and welcome on its
territory a person, head of state or otherwise.
Especially one whose criminal records are second to none throughout world history.
Edited by: Jennifer Fierberg
The Truth can be buried and stomped into the ground where none can see, yet eventually it will, like a seed, break through the surface once again far more potent than ever, and Nothing can stop it. Truth can be suppressed for a "time", yet It cannot be destroyed. ==> Wolverine
Saturday, September 7, 2013
Fighting from a
distance, the template of the Arab Spring
Rwandan exiles and immigrants around the world should play a crucial role in the upcoming revolution against Kagame and his dictatorship established in Rwanda. We actively ask the overseas and Europe to arm the opposition to help return our country Rwanda to democracy.
Resistance and
activism of the Rwandan men and women are becoming a must.
This article is
dedicated to the Rwandan activists and political opponents whose actions are
converging against the Kagame regime and RPF dictatorship. We publish it in the
hope it will provoque some critical self-reflection among those who need it.
Principles of International Law Recognized in the Charter of the
Nuremberg Tribunal and in the Judgment of the Tribunal. Adopted by the International
Law Commission of the United Nations, 1950.
Introductory
note: Under General Assembly Resolution 177 (II), paragraph (a), the
International Law Commission was directed to "formulate the principles of
international law recognized in the Charter of the Nuremberg Tribunal and in
the judgment of the Tribunal." In the course of the consideration of this
subject, the question arose as to whether or not the Commission should
ascertain to what extent the principles contained in the Charter and judgment
constituted principles of international law. The conclusion was that since the
Nuremberg Principles had been affirmed by the General Assembly, the task
entrusted to the Commission was not to express any appreciation of these
principles as principles of international law but merely to formulate them. The
text below was adopted by the Commission at its second session. The Report of
the Commission also contains commentaries on the principles (see Yearbook of
the Intemational Law Commission, 1950, Vol. II, pp. 374-378).
Authentic text: English
Text published in Report of the International Law Commission Covering its
Second Session, 5 June-29 Duly 1950, Document A/1316, pp. 11-14.
Principle I
Any person who commits an act which constitutes a crime under international law is responsible therefor and liable to punishment.Principle II
The fact that internal law does not impose a penalty for an act which constitutes a crime under international law does not relieve the person who committed the act from responsibility under international law.Principle III
The fact that a person who committed an act which constitutes a crime under international law acted as Head of State or responsible Government official does not relieve him from responsibility under international law.Principle IV
The fact that a person acted pursuant to order of his Government or of a superior does not relieve him from responsibility under international law, provided a moral choice was in fact possible to him.Principle V
Any person charged with a crime under international law has the right to a fair trial on the facts and law.Principle Vl
The crimes hereinafter set out are punishable as crimes under; international law:- Crimes against peace:
- Planning, preparation, initiation or waging of a war of aggression or a war in violation of international treaties, agreements or assurances;
- Participation in a common plan or conspiracy for the accomplishment of any of the acts mentioned under (i).
- War crimes:
Violations of the laws or customs of war which include, but are not limited to, murder, ill-treatment or deportation to slave-labor or for any other purpose of civilian population of or in occupied territory, murder or illtreatment of prisoners of war, of persons on the seas, killing of hostages, plunder of public or private property, wanton destruction of cities, towns, or villages, or devastation not justified by military necessity. - Crimes against humanity:
Murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation and other inhuman acts done against any civilian population, or persecutions on political, racial or religious grounds, when such acts are done or such persecutions are carried on in execution of or in connection with any crime against peace or any war crime.
Principle VII
Complicity in the commission of a crime against peace, a war crime, or a crime against humanity as set forth in Principles VI is a crime under international law.
A
Duty to Disobey All Unlawful Orders
The Tutsi RPF
organization, RDF, Abakada (Local defence forces), Directorate
of Military Intelligence
and others , Kagame's special advisor/sponsors,
IBUKA, and other RPF suborganizations need to know and bear in mind as
they are given orders from General Paul Kagame, the Rwandan dictator’s administration.
Among the international Laws and treaties we mention:
- The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; December 9, 1948, Adopted by Resolution 260 (III) A of the UN General Assembly.
- The above mentioned Nuremberg Principles, which define
as a crime against peace, "planning, preparation, initiation or waging of
a war of aggression, or a war in violation of international treaties,
agreements, or assurances, or participation in a common plan or conspiracy for
accomplishment of any of the forgoing."
The “principles of international law recognized in the
Charter of the Nürnberg Tribunal and in the judgment of the Tribunal” adopted
by the Commission in 1950 begin logically with that of individual criminal
responsibility under international law. Principle I is essentially based on the
IMT judgment which states that “crimes against international law are committed
by men, not abstract entities, and only by punishing individuals who commit
such crimes can the provisions of international law be enforced” (IMT Judgment,
p. 41).
Principle II states that criminal liability exists
under international law even if domestic law does not punish an act which is an
international crime. This principle is considered to be a corollary to
Principle I. The idea contained in Principle II was already set out in article
6 (c) of the Nürnberg Charter, concerning crimes against humanity – defined as
certain categories of acts “whether or not [such acts were committed] in
violation of the domestic law of the country where perpetrated”. In its
judgment, the IMT held that “the very essence of the Charter is that
individuals have international duties which transcend the national obligations
of obedience imposed by the individual state” (IMT Judgment, p. 42).
Principle III affirms the denial of immunity for
individuals who acted “as Head of State or responsible Government officials”.
This principle is based on article 7 of the IMT Charter. The abolition of the
‘Act of State’ doctrine was also reaffirmed by the IMT: “The principle of international
law, which under certain circumstances, protects the representatives of a
state, cannot be applied to acts which are condemned as criminal by
international law. The authors of these acts cannot shelter themselves behind
their official position in order to be freed from punishment in appropriate
proceedings”. Further, the IMT added that: “He who violates the laws of war
cannot obtain immunity while acting in pursuance of the authority of the state
if the state in authorizing action moves outside its competence under
international law” (IMT Judgment, p. 42).
Pursuant to Principle IV, “The fact that a person
acted pursuant to order of his Government or of a superior does not relieve him
from responsibility under international law, provided a moral choice was in
fact possible to him.” This idea was already contained in article 8 of the IMT
Charter. However, the substance of the two texts is slightly different.
Firstly, the Commission added the element of the “moral choice” developed in
the IMT judgment. Secondly, the Commission did not retain the last phrase of
article 8 according to which acting under superior orders “may be considered in
mitigation of punishment if the Tribunal determines that justice so requires”;
indeed, the Commission considered that “the question of mitigating punishment
is a matter for the competent Court to decide” (see Yearbook of the International Law Commission,
1950, vol. II, paras. 104
and 106).
The right to a fair trial is laid down in Principle V.
This right was already defined and developed in chapter four of the IMT Charter
entitled “Fair Trial for Defendants”. According to the Commission, the
expression “fair trial” should be understood in light of the provisions of the
IMT Charter (Yearbook of the
International Law Commission, 1950, vol. II, para. 109).
Principle VI codifies the three categories of crimes
established by article 6 of the IMT Charter (crimes against peace, war crimes
and crimes against humanity). Crimes against peace are defined in Principle VI
(a) as “(i) planning, preparation, initiation or waging a war of aggression or
a war in violation of international treaties, agreements or assurances; (ii)
participation in a common plan or conspiracy for the accomplishment of any of
the acts mentioned under (i)”. Neither the IMT Charter or judgment, nor the
Commission gave a definition of the “war of aggression”. The IMT considered
that certain defendants had “planned and waged aggressive wars against twelve
nations, and were therefore guilty of this series of crimes”.
The IMT thus
considered it “unnecessary to discuss the subject in further detail, or even to
consider at any length the extent to which these aggressive wars were also
“wars in violation of international treaties, agreements, or assurances” (IMT
Judgment, p. 36). Following the IMT judgment, the Commission, in its
commentary, emphasized that the waging of a war of aggression could be
committed only by “high ranking military personnel and high state officials” (Yearbook of the International Law
Commission, 1950, vol. II, para. 117). As for war crimes, Principle
VI (b) repeats the text of article 6 (b) of the IMT Charter with the formula
that war crimes are “violations of the laws and customs of war”. With respect
to crimes against humanity, Principle VI (c) also closely follows the IMT
Statute (art. 6 (c)), by only proscribing crimes against humanity “carried on
in execution of or in connection with any crime against peace or war crime”.
The formulation is, however, slightly different in that Principle VI (c)
removes the phrase “before or during the war”.
The Commission considered that
the phrase contained in article 6 referred to a particular war, the war of
1939. However, the “omission of the phrase does not mean that the Commission
considers that crimes against humanity can be committed only during a war. On
the contrary, the Commission is of the opinion that such crimes may take place
also before a war in connection with crimes of peace” (Yearbook of the International Law
Commission, 1950, vol. II, para. 123). It is interesting to note
that the link between crimes against humanity and crimes against peace and war
crimes was later deleted by the Commission when it adopted the draft Code of
Crimes against the Peace and Security of Mankind of 1996 (Yearbook of the International Law
Commission, 1996, vol. II (Part Two), p. 48; see also Control
Council Law No. 10 of 20 December 1945; art. 1 (b) of the 1968 Convention on
the Non-Applicability of Statutory Limitations to War Crimes and Crimes Against
Humanity, which did not require the link; and ICTY, Tadić, Decision on the Defence Motion for
Interlocutory Appeal on Jurisdiction, Appeals Chamber, 2 October 1995, para.
141).
Finally, Principle VII states that “complicity in the
commission of a crime against peace, a war crime, or a crime against humanity
as set forth in Principle VI is a crime under international law.” It is
surprising that this principle only retains complicity without explicitly
mentioning other modes of responsibility such as planning, instigating, or
ordering; nor does the principle include responsibility by omission (so-called
“command responsibility”). It is not clear from the commentary of the
Commission what modes of responsibility “complicity” entailed at the time
(Robert Cryer, Prosecuting
International Crimes, Selectivity and the International Criminal Law Regime,
Cambridge University Press, 2005, p. 311). The IMT Charter provided under
article 6 that “leaders, organizers and accomplices participating in the
formulation or execution of a common plan or conspiracy […] are responsible for
all acts performed by any persons in execution of such a plan”. This was
complemented – with regard to crimes against peace only – by article 6 (a)
which stated that liability existed for the “participation in a common plan or
conspiracy for the accomplishment of [crimes against peace]”.
The Truth can be buried and stomped into the ground where none can see, yet eventually it will, like a seed, break through the surface once again far more potent than ever, and Nothing can stop it. Truth can be suppressed for a "time", yet It cannot be destroyed. ==> Wolverine
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